en Adults Hematology & Oncology Adults Hematology & Oncology پژوهشي Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b>Background:</b> Although Imatinib has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), not all patients reach complete remission and a considerable proportion of the patients develop resistance to Imatinib.</span><br> <span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b>Material and Methods:</b> In an attempt to increase the tail on the survival curve, we conducted a Phase I/II study of PR1/BCR-ABL multipeptides vaccination trial in CML patients with at least 15 months of Imatinib treatment and 5 <span style="color:black">months of persistent molecular residual disease.</span></span><br> <span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b>Results: </b>One month after the completion of the vaccinations<span style="color:black">, 4 </span>patients nearly developed a 1-log fall in their BCR-ABL transcript level, with 4 patients achieving a major molecular response (MMR). Nine patients were followed for more than a period of 7 years. The vaccinations were associated with a MMR in five patients and a complete molecular response (CMR) in one patient. The removal of Imatinib in two patients who achieved MMR after the vaccinations led to a resurgence of the leukemia population and relapse. </span><br> <span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b>Conclusion</b>: Our study suggests that a combination of immunotherapy with Imatinib targeted therapy keeps the leukemia population under control, improving the long-lasting clinical and molecular response of CML patients, for at least 7 years.</span></span></span></span></div> Multi-peptide vaccination, BCR-ABL, PR1 peptide, Chronic myeloid leukemia 84 94 http://ijbc.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-839-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Seyed H. Ghaffari shghaffari200@yahoo.com 10031947532846008885 10031947532846008885 Yes Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim Osfouri Ebrahimosfouri@yahoo.com 10031947532846008886 10031947532846008886 No Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ahmadvand 10031947532846008887 10031947532846008887 No Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Davood Bashash David_5980@yahoo.com 10031947532846008888 10031947532846008888 No Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parisa Ghaffari 10031947532846008889 10031947532846008889 No Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmadreza Niavarani ahmadreza.niavarani@gmail.com 10031947532846008890 10031947532846008890 No Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham Hossaini 10031947532846008891 10031947532846008891 No Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marjan Yaghmaie marjan_yaghmaie@yahoo.com 10031947532846008892 10031947532846008892 No Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Roghieh Koohi koohirora@yahoo.com 10031947532846008893 10031947532846008893 No Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Andisheh ie Ghashgha a-ghashghaie@farabi.tums.ac.ir 10031947532846008894 10031947532846008894 No Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi atips1991@gmail.com 10031947532846008895 10031947532846008895 No Department of Biotechnology, faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical sciences branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran Seyed A. Mousavi a_mousavi@tums.ac.ir 10031947532846008896 10031947532846008896 No Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kamran Alimoghaddam alimgh@ams.ac.ir 10031947532846008897 10031947532846008897 No Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh ghavamza@sina.tums.ac.ir 10031947532846008898 10031947532846008898 No Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran