en Adults Hematology & Oncology Adults Hematology & Oncology پژوهشي Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:2;"><strong>Background: </strong>Driver mutations, particularly in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and ROS1 genes, are prevalent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and significantly influence patient outcomes. These mutations have become crucial biomarkers for targeted therapy, guiding treatment decisions and improving patient survival. Our study aims to evaluate the prevalence of EGFR mutations, ALK, and ROS1 gene rearrangements in a cohort of Iranian NSCLC patients and to investigate their association with patient characteristics. </span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:2;"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Tissue samples from patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were subjected to molecular analysis. EGFR mutations, ALK, and ROS1 gene rearrangements were assessed. Additionally, the correlation between these genetic alterations and patient demographics, including age and gender, was explored.<br> <strong>Results: </strong>Driver mutations or rearrangements were detected in approximately one-third of NSCLC cases. EGFR mutations were the most common, occurring in 22.44% of patients. ALK and ROS1 rearrangements were identified in 8.18% and 2.11% of patients, respectively. The EGFR mutation frequency in patients younger than 36 years was 16%. In contrast, the mutation frequency in older patient cohorts ranged from 11% to 15%. Among EGFR mutations, exon 19 deletions (13.35%) and L858R point mutations (6.81%) were the most prevalent. Notably, exon 19 deletions were more frequent in female patients (27.92%) compared to male patients (9.90%).<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> EGFR mutations were more prevalent than ALK and ROS1 rearrangements in our cohort. Exon 19 deletions and L858R point mutations were the most common EGFR mutations, with a higher frequency observed in female patients. These mutations are frequently associated with lung adenocarcinoma.</span></span></span></div> ALK, ROS1, EGFR, Non-small cell lung carcinoma 40 46 http://ijbc.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1432-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Babak Salimi 100319475328460011858 100319475328460011858 No Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Mabani 100319475328460011859 100319475328460011859 No Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sharareh Seifi 100319475328460011860 100319475328460011860 No Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parsa Rostami 100319475328460011861 100319475328460011861 No Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Dehghanifard 100319475328460011862 100319475328460011862 No Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Negin Khosravi 100319475328460011863 100319475328460011863 No Department of Genetic, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran. Marziye Madadkar Borna 100319475328460011864 100319475328460011864 No Department of Biology, East Tehran Islamic azad university,Tehran, Iran. Elaheh Sadat Jamali 100319475328460011865 100319475328460011865 No Immunology Department, Pasteur Institue of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Sarah Shiari 100319475328460011866 100319475328460011866 No Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hanieh Sattari 100319475328460011867 100319475328460011867 No Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Adnan Khosravi adkhosravi@yahoo.com 100319475328460011868 100319475328460011868 Yes Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.