Iranian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Society Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2008-4595 17 1 2025 3 1 Recurrent Multifocal Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis With Orbital Manifestation 1 12 EN Venansya Maulina Praba Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Maimanah Zumaro Ummi Faiqoh Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Ronik Harsono Kamal Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Susy Fatmariyanti Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Background: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease and is more common in children than adults. The incidence is estimated to be approximately 5–10 cases per million children annually. LCH has a wide range of clinical manifestations with rare orbital involvement. Case Presentation: Here, we report a six year-old-girl with recurrent multifocal LCH a year after chemotherapy accompanied by orbital manifestation, present as proptosis of left eye, lagophthalmos, and left superior palpebral abscess with fistula. She had a history of occipital brain LCH with bone involvement, which was surgically removed four years before admission. Ocular examination showed limitations on ocular motility, proptosis, inferonasal displacement of the globe, lagophthalmos, eyelid edema, and hyperemia. In contrast, Head Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a mass in the left superior orbit and the right occipital condyle. Histopathological examination reveals pathological Langerhans cells with eosinophils and giant cells. The patient was treated with symptomatic drugs while chemotherapy and eyelid reconstruction were planned. Conclusion: LCH is a disorder with highly diverse clinical manifestations. Orbital involvement is one of the uncommon presentations of LCH and necessitates a comprehensive clinical assessment. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial. Although LCH can lead to serious complications if not promptly treated, recurrence of the disease is relatively rare. Nevertheless, long-term follow-up is recommended to ensure early detection of any potential recurrence and to maintain optimal patient outcomes.  

Iranian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Society Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2008-4595 17 1 2025 3 1 Emerging Evidence of BRAFV600E in LCH: The Iranian Experience 13 19 EN Bibi Shahin Shamsian Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nader Momtazmanesh Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parastoo Molaei Tavana Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Kazemi Aghdam Pediatric Pathology Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran.. Fatemeh Malek Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Armin Shirvani Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran. Hossein Najmabadi Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran. Parvin Rostami Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran. Mozhgan Hashemieh Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahnaz Jamee Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory neoplasm of myeloid origin. The pathologic CD1a+/CD207+ cells are characterized when mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (particularly in BRAFV600E) are activated and involvement of pulmonary, skeletal, pituitary, and cutaneous is seen. we aimed to evaluate a cohort of pediatric LCH patients regarding BRAFV600E mutations. Methods: Three referral centers between 2009-2020 collected definite LCH patients. The patients classified by the detection of BRAFV600E mutations by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and comparison was done in demographic and clinical manifestations, response to therapy, and outcome. Results: Among 50 LCH patients, 17 (34%) female and 33 (66%) male, somatic mutations in the BRAFV600E gene were detected in 30 (60%) patients and wild-type genotype was seen in 20 (40%) patients. There was remarkable higher frequency of mutation in young children (less than 8 years old particularly < 2 years, p= 0.024). In this study, 21 patients (42%) had multi-system involvement, with no significant difference between the BRAFV600E positive group (14 out of 21, 66.7%) and the BRAFV600E negative group (7 out of 21, 33.3%, p = 0.380). Among patients with risk organ involvement, the BRAFV600E mutation was present in most cases (7 out of 8), and all four patients with central nervous system involvement had this mutation. Patients with the BRAFV600E mutation showed a lower response to treatment, while those without the mutation responded significantly better to first-line therapies. Notably, 6 out of 7 patients who died had the BRAFV600E mutation. Conclusions: In LCH patients, BRAFV600E mutation may influence the onset age, sort and intensity of clinical symptoms, level of the response to therapy, and prognosis.

Iranian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Society Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2008-4595 17 1 2025 3 1 DNA Methylation-Dependent Regulation of Lipoprotein Lipase Expression During Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation into Adipocytes 20 28 EN Seied Rasoul Razavi Babaheidari Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran. Aryan Salahi-Niri Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Hamidpour Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shadi Esmaeili Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a critical enzyme in lipid metabolism that hydrolyzes triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. While its role in mature adipose tissue is well understood, the epigenetic regulation of LPL during mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation into adipocytes remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to investigate the temporal expression pattern of LPL and its relationship with DNA methylation during adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs. Methods: Human bone marrow MSCs were isolated and characterized using flow cytometry for specific surface markers (CD34, CD31, CD90, and CD105). Cells were differentiated into adipocytes over 14 days and osteoblasts over 21 days using specific differentiation media. Differentiation was confirmed through Oil Red O and Alizarin Red staining respectively. LPL gene expression was analyzed using both qualitative RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR at day 0 (undifferentiated) and day 14 (differentiated) timepoints. DNA methylation patterns were assessed using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) following bisulfite conversion, with collagen gene serving as an internal control. Results: Flow cytometry confirmed MSC identity through positive expression of CD166, CD13, CD105, and CD44. Successful adipogenic differentiation was demonstrated by Oil Red O-positive lipid droplet accumulation, while osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by Alizarin Red S staining of calcium deposits. LPL gene expression was absent in undifferentiated MSCs but showed significant expression in differentiated adipocytes at day 14, coinciding with morphological changes and lipid accumulation. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that LPL expression is epigenetically regulated during MSC differentiation into adipocytes, with significant changes in both gene expression and DNA methylation patterns. The temporal correlation between LPL expression, methylation status, and adipogenic differentiation suggests that LPL serves as a key molecular switch in this process.

Iranian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Society Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2008-4595 17 1 2025 3 1 Evaluation of Complications and Treatment Outcomes Following Intraluminal Brachytherapy after Definitive Chemoradiation in Patients with Esophageal Cancer 29 39 EN Azadeh Taghizadeh Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Roham Salek Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Background: Limited data exist on complications and treatment outcomes following brachytherapy after chemoradiation in esophageal cancer. This study aimed to assess complications and treatment outcomes after intraluminal brachytherapy post-definitive chemoradiation. Methods and Materials: This retrospective cohort study included esophageal cancer patients treated at Imam Reza Radiotherapy Center, Mashhad, Iran (2016-2023). Patients received chemoradiotherapy with paclitaxel-carboplatin, cisplatin-irinotecan, or cisplatin-5-FU (5-6 weeks), with a total radiation dose of ≥45 Gray. After a two-week rest, they underwent HDR brachytherapy with cobalt-60 and were followed monthly for one year. Results: A total of 125 patients (mean age: 71.08±10.67 years) were evaluated. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free interval (DFI) were 47.26 and 22.62 months, respectively. The most common tumor location was the middle esophagus, and the most common grade was G2. An ECOG score <2 was observed in 96 patients. No significant association was found between OS and DFI with tumor location, grade, dysphagia level, or functional index. However, brachytherapy dose, radiotherapy dose, and chemotherapy regimen were significantly associated with OS, but not with DFI. Post-treatment complications occurred in 98 patients, including local recurrence in 39 cases. Patients without complications had a mean DFI and OS of 54 and 55 months, respectively, while those with complications had 37 and 50 months. Complications were significantly associated with DFI but not with OS. Complete response was seen in 106 patients, significantly correlating with OS (P=0.003) and DFI (P<0.001). Patients with local and distant recurrence had an 11-fold higher mortality risk. Conclusion: Intraluminal brachytherapy after definitive chemoradiation plays a crucial role in treatment management for esophageal cancer. It should be considered as a treatment option, but further studies with larger sample sizes are needed for routine implementation.

Iranian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Society Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2008-4595 17 1 2025 3 1 EGFR Mutations, ROS1, and ALK Rearrangements in Iranian Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients 40 46 EN Babak Salimi Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Mabani Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sharareh Seifi Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parsa Rostami Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Dehghanifard Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Negin Khosravi Department of Genetic, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran. Marziye Madadkar Borna Department of Biology, East Tehran Islamic azad university,Tehran, Iran. Elaheh Sadat Jamali Immunology Department, Pasteur Institue of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Sarah Shiari Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hanieh Sattari Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Adnan Khosravi Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Background: Driver mutations, particularly in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and ROS1 genes, are prevalent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and significantly influence patient outcomes. These mutations have become crucial biomarkers for targeted therapy, guiding treatment decisions and improving patient survival. Our study aims to evaluate the prevalence of EGFR mutations, ALK, and ROS1 gene rearrangements in a cohort of Iranian NSCLC patients and to investigate their association with patient characteristics. Materials and Methods: Tissue samples from patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were subjected to molecular analysis. EGFR mutations, ALK, and ROS1 gene rearrangements were assessed. Additionally, the correlation between these genetic alterations and patient demographics, including age and gender, was explored. Results: Driver mutations or rearrangements were detected in approximately one-third of NSCLC cases. EGFR mutations were the most common, occurring in 22.44% of patients. ALK and ROS1 rearrangements were identified in 8.18% and 2.11% of patients, respectively. The EGFR mutation frequency in patients younger than 36 years was 16%. In contrast, the mutation frequency in older patient cohorts ranged from 11% to 15%. Among EGFR mutations, exon 19 deletions (13.35%) and L858R point mutations (6.81%) were the most prevalent. Notably, exon 19 deletions were more frequent in female patients (27.92%) compared to male patients (9.90%). Conclusion: EGFR mutations were more prevalent than ALK and ROS1 rearrangements in our cohort. Exon 19 deletions and L858R point mutations were the most common EGFR mutations, with a higher frequency observed in female patients. These mutations are frequently associated with lung adenocarcinoma.

Iranian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Society Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2008-4595 17 1 2025 3 1 Exploring the Intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Oral Cancer: Diagnostic Advances, Genetic Insights, and Precision Medicine 47 63 EN Rakhi Issrani Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Hafiz Muhammad Zeeshan Department of Computer Science, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan. Nosheen Qamar Department of Software Engineering, School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan Abid Iqbal Central Library, Prince Sultan University, Rafha Street, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Background: Oral cancer poses a serious global health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality rates, largely stemming from late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment success. Recent technological advances, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI), have opened new avenues for early detection and personalized treatment approaches. Objectives: This review aims to explore the role of AI, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of oral cancer. It also examines the systemic effects of oral cancer, underlying genetic and hormonal influences, and the impact of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation on disease progression. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted covering publications from 1997 to 2024, using PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Studies involving AI, ML, and DL in oral cancer detection and treatment were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bibliometric and trend analyses were also performed to assess global research output and collaborative networks. Results: AI techniques such as convolutional neural networks and support vector machines have demonstrated significant utility in early detection, histopathological analysis, and survival prediction. The review also highlights key genetic mutations (e.g., TP53, CDKN2A) and hormonal imbalances (e.g., estrogen, androgen receptors) linked to oral cancer pathogenesis. Furthermore, systemic involvement of organs like the liver, brain, and bone is discussed. Bibliometric data indicate increasing global collaboration and the emergence of AI as a dominant research focus in oral oncology. Conclusion: AI-based diagnostic tools and predictive models offer promising pathways for early detection and personalized treatment in oral cancer. Understanding the molecular, systemic, and epidemiological dimensions of the disease, alongside leveraging computational advancements, can significantly enhance patient outcomes and support the development of precision medicine in oral oncology.

Iranian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Society Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2008-4595 17 1 2025 3 1 The Role of Food containing Nitrosamine in the Development of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Literature Review 64 70 EN Achmad Chusnu Romdhoni Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia Ali Mustofa Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia Pandit Bagus Tri Saputra Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia Mohd. Razif Mohamad Yunus Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy originating from epithelial cells in the nasopharynx, with an incidence rate of fewer than 1–2 cases per 100,000 people annually but exceeding 20 cases in endemic regions. Its development is influenced by multiple factors, including nitrosamines found in preserved foods, beer, cigarettes, and drinking water. This review explores the role of nitrosamines in food and the mechanism that caused NPC development by analyzing relevant literature from major databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed. In addition, nitrosamines, such as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), form through nitrosation, a process involving nitrites and nitrogen oxides interacting with amino compounds. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) sets a daily nitrosamine intake limit of 10 μg/kg body weight, excessive or prolonged exposure may contribute to cancer development. Once metabolized by cytochrome P450, nitrosamines can cause DNA damage, potentially leading to carcinogenesis. However, NPC results from a complex interplay of factors, and nitrosamines alone do not directly cause cancer. Their carcinogenic potential increases when combined with other risk factors. Additionally, chemopreventive agents such as curcumin and vitamin C may help reduce cancer risk.

Iranian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Society Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2008-4595 17 1 2025 3 1 Investigating the Refractory Platelet Transfusion: Understanding the Underlying Factors, Diagnosis, and Effective Treatment Strategies 71 90 EN Elham Razani Department of Hematology and Transfusion Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Maryam Khiabani Rad Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ehsan Larki Tork Department of Hematology and Transfusion Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fourozan Bahmani Abadan Faculty of medical sciences, Abadan, Iran 4- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran This review article provides a comprehensive overview of platelet transfusion-refractory (PTR), a condition in which patients do not respond well to platelet transfusions, leading to increased bleeding and complications. It discusses various aspects of PTR such as its causes, prevention, diagnosis, management, and potential complications. While immune-mediated reactions are the primary cause, non-immunologic, patient-related, and donor-related factors can also contribute. Preventing PTR involves methods such as HLA matching, platelet count monitoring, and prophylactic transfusions; however, alternative approaches require further research. Accurate diagnosis is crucial, with treatment strategies depending on the cause often requiring platelet transfusions from HLA-matched donors or immunosuppressive therapies. Complications included bleeding, infection, and adverse drug reactions, highlighting the need for proper management and monitoring. Future research should focus on patient-specific risk factors, alternative prevention methods, and blood product safety. Understanding immune-mediated reactions and other causes, prevention, diagnosis, management, and potential complications can improve outcomes in patients needing platelet transfusions. In conclusion, PTR is a complex condition that healthcare professionals must handle carefully. Ongoing research is crucial to advancing knowledge, enhancing care, and improving patient outcomes.

Iranian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Society Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2008-4595 17 1 2025 3 1 A Comprehensive Review of the Role of Viruses in the Onset and Progression of Lung Cancer 91 97 EN Abolfazl Jafari-Sales Department of Microbiology, Kaz.C., Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran. Elham Nozohour-Leilabadi Infectious Diseases Research Center, TaMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. Maryam Safari Infectious Diseases Research Center, TaMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. Maryam Farahnaki-Sadabadi Infectious Diseases Research Center, TaMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. Negin Yaghoubi-Azar Infectious Diseases Research Center, TaMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. Mehrdad Pashazadeh Infectious Diseases Research Center, TaMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. A number of variables may influence the development and spread of lung cancer (LC), one of the most prevalent and fatal cancers in the world. In this context, viruses are important, especially the human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus (IV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). These viruses can influence the development of LC through metabolic alterations, immune response suppression, and disruption of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Specifically, HPV may contribute to LC through genetic effects, while EBV can induce molecular changes in cells. HIV, by suppressing the immune system and increasing the risk of secondary infections, may create conditions conducive to the development of lung tumors. IV and CMV can also play a role in accelerating tumorigenic processes by impacting the immune system and promoting inflammation. This review article examines the various mechanisms by which viruses are involved in LC and their association with the progression of lung tumors. Additionally, the role of vaccination in preventing LC, particularly in individuals infected with specific viruses, is explored.

Iranian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Society Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2008-4595 17 1 2025 3 1 Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 98 107 EN Jigar Haria Department of Community Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical college & research centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh India. Vinod kumar Department of Community Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical college & research centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh India. Sanjeev Jain Department of Community Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical college & research centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh India. Ajay Kumar Department of Community Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical college & research centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh India. Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating and common side effect of cancer therapy, severely impacting cancer therapy compliance and the quality of life of cancer patients. Low-level laser or light-emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) provides a new, non-invasive therapeutic option. The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of PBMT in the treatment of CIPN during cancer therapy in patients. Methodology: A systematic electronic database search was conducted using randomized controlled trials and clinical studies comparing the impact of PBMT on the symptom of CIPN in the form of modified Total Neuropathy Scores (mTNS), FACT/GOG-NTX scores, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores. Meta-analyses were done using RevMan 5.4.1, producing forest plots, mean differences (MD), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and heterogeneity indices (I²). Results: The review included six trials with a total of 273 patients. The meta-analysis of mTNS revealed the significant reduction of neuropathy severity in the PBMT group compared to the control group (MD = −2.10; 95% CI: −3.94 to −0.26; I²=99%, p<0.0001). Furthermore, the FACT/GOG-NTX neuropathy subscale at follow-up completion, combined in four trials, illustrated the advantage in favor of PBMT as statistically significant (MD = −1.85; 95% CI: −2.70 to −0.99; I²=0%, p=0.80). In addition, four studies that reported the VAS scores of pain showed that the intensity of pain was reduced significantly by PBMT (MD = −1.36; 95% CI: −2.00 to −0.73; I²=87%, p<0.0001). Conclusion: PBMT exhibited statistically significant differences in neuropathy severity, neuropathy symptom, and pain intensity in cancer patients with CIPN, with considerable heterogeneity in some of the outcomes. PBMT was therefore a promising adjuvant treatment to CIPN management.