Volume 18, Issue 1 (March-2026 2026)                   Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2026, 18(1): 1-25 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Issrani R, Zeeshan H M, Iqbal A, Baig M N. Evaluating Global Research on Photodynamic Therapy in Skin Cancer through Bibliometric Analysis. Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2026; 18 (1) :1-25
URL: http://ijbc.ir/article-1-1771-en.html
1- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India. , dr.rakhi.issrani@jodent.org
2- Department of Computer Science, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Pakistan.
3- Central Library, Prince Sultan University, Rafha Street, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
4- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:   (783 Views)
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potential non-invasive therapeutic option for several cancer types, including skin cancer. Because PDT uses a focused and localized approach to treatment, there has been an increase in interest in researching its use in the management of skin cancer in recent years. In this work, we performed a bibliometric analysis to assess the body of knowledge and developments around PDT in skin cancer. Using information from the Web of Science database, this study used bibliometric research techniques to examine how the field of PDT for skin cancer is developing. To gather pertinent research publications published between January 1991 and July 23, 2023, a methodical search query was developed. Based on the 1654 records that were found, the analysis examined factors including the growth, influence, contributions, top authors, publications, institutions, keywords, research topics, and networks of collaboration between authors, sources, nations, and significant funding organizations. The results showed a steady growth rate of 4.44% for publications. The most productive organization was the University of Sao Paulo, which is in Brazil, and the most prolific author was researcher Haedersdal M. The British Journal of Dermatology, which is published by Wiley in the UK, is very influential in the area as evidenced by its top citation ranking. The study topics were mostly actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, photodynamic treatment, and skin cancer. Notably, the National Cancer Institute of the US NIH was a major backer of scientific study in this field. For academics, physicians, and policymakers engaged in developing and applying PDT for skin cancer therapy, the findings of this study will add to the body of current information and support the use of evidence-based decision-making.
Full-Text [PDF 1130 kb]   (410 Downloads)    
: Review Article | Subject: Pathology
Received: 2025/12/15 | Accepted: 2026/03/23 | Published: 2026/03/30

References
1. R. Ackroyd, C. Kelty, N. Brown, and M. Reed, "The History of Photodetection and Photodynamic Therapy¶," Photochem. Photobiol., vol. 74, no. 5, p. 656, 2001, doi: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0656:thopap>2.0.co;2. https://doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0656:THOPAP>2.0.CO;2 [DOI:10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0742.0.CO;2]
2. M. H. Abdel-Kader, "History of photodynamic therapy," Photodyn. Ther. From Theory to Appl., pp. 3-22, 2014, doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-39629-8_1. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-39629-8_1]
3. D. W. Felsher, "Cancer revoked: Oncogenes as therapeutic targets," Nat. Rev. Cancer, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 375-380, 2003, doi: 10.1038/nrc1070. [DOI:10.1038/nrc1070]
4. B. C. Wilson, M. S. Patterson, and L. Lilge, "Implicit and explicit dosimetry in photodynamic therapy: A new paradigm," Lasers Med. Sci., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 182-199, 1997, doi: 10.1007/BF02765099. [DOI:10.1007/BF02765099]
5. B. W. Pogue, L. Lilge, M. S. Patterson, B. C. Wilson, and T. Hasan, "Absorbed photodynamic dose from pulsed versus continuous wave light examined with tissue-simulating dosimeters," Appl. Opt., vol. 36, no. 28, p. 7257, 1997, doi: 10.1364/ao.36.007257. [DOI:10.1364/AO.36.007257]
6. M. Fakhar-E-Alam et al., "Erratum: ZnO nanoparticles as drug delivery agent for photodynamic therapy (Laser Physics Letters (2014) 11 (025601))," Laser Phys. Lett., vol. 11, no. 3, 2014, doi: 10.1088/1612-2011/11/3/039501. [DOI:10.1088/1612-2011/11/3/039501]
7. S. Kishwar, M. H. Asif, O. Nur, M. Willander, and P. O. Larsson, "Intracellular ZnO Nanorods Conjugated with Protoporphyrin for Local Mediated Photochemistry and Efficient Treatment of Single Cancer Cell," Nanoscale Res. Lett., vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 1669-1674, 2010, doi: 10.1007/s11671-010-9693-z. [DOI:10.1007/s11671-010-9693-z]
8. D. L. McCaw and J. N. Bryan, "Photodynamic therapy," Cancer Manag. Small Anim. Pract., vol. 90, no. 12, pp. 163-166, 2009. [DOI:10.1016/B978-1-4160-3183-3.10017-1]
9. R. L. LIPSON, E. J. BALDES, and A. M. OLSEN, "Hematoporphyrin derivative: a new aid for endoscopic detection of malignant disease," J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 623-629, 1961, doi: 10.1016/s0022-5223(19)32560-7. [DOI:10.1016/S0022-5223(19)32560-7]
10. H. Derivative, "Photodynamic Properties," Test, 2011.
11. L. A. Schneider, R. Hinrichs, and K. Scharffetter-Kochanek, "Phototherapy and photochemotherapy," Clin. Dermatol., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 464-476, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.11.004. [DOI:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.11.004]
12. J. H. Epstein, "Phototoxicity and photoallergy in man," J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 141-147, 1983, doi: 10.1016/S0190-9622(83)70016-2. [DOI:10.1016/S0190-9622(83)70016-2]
13. S. I. Stupp, "Introduction: Functional nanostructures," Chem. Rev., vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 1023-1024, 2005, doi: 10.1021/cr030060y. [DOI:10.1021/cr030060y]
14. M. Wang and M. Thanou, "Targeting nanoparticles to cancer," Pharmacol. Res., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 90-99, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.03.005. [DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2010.03.005]
15. O. M. Koo, I. Rubinstein, and H. Onyuksel, "Role of nanotechnology in targeted drug delivery and imaging: a concise review," Nanomedicine Nanotechnology, Biol. Med., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 193-212, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2005.06.004. [DOI:10.1016/j.nano.2005.06.004]
16. J. F. Kelly, M. E. Snell, and M. C. Berenbauai, "Photodynamic destruction of human bladder carcinoma," Br. J. Cancer, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 237-244, 1975, doi: 10.1038/bjc.1975.30. [DOI:10.1038/bjc.1975.30]
17. T. J. Dougherty, G. B. Grindey, R. Fiel, K. R. Weishaupt, and D. G. Boyle, "Photoradiation therapy. II. Cure of animal tumors with hematoporphyrin and light," J. Natl. Cancer Inst., vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 115-121, 1975, doi: 10.1093/jnci/55.1.115. [DOI:10.1093/jnci/55.1.115]
18. I. Diamond, A. F. Mcdonagh, C. B. Wilson, S. G. Granelli, S. Nielsen, and R. Jaenicke, "Photodynamic Therapy of Malignant Tumours," Lancet, vol. 300, no. 7788, pp. 1175-1177, 1972, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(72)92596-2. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(72)92596-2]
19. E. Roduner, "Size matters: Why nanomaterials are different," Chem. Soc. Rev., vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 583-592, 2006, doi: 10.1039/b502142c. [DOI:10.1039/b502142c]
20. D. F. Emerich and C. G. Thanos, "The pinpoint promise of nanoparticle-based drug delivery and molecular diagnosis," Biomol. Eng., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 171-184, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.bioeng.2006.05.026. [DOI:10.1016/j.bioeng.2006.05.026]
21. F. Calzavara et al., "Oesophageal cancer treated by photodynamic therapy alone or followed by radiation therapy," J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol., 1990, doi: 10.1016/1011-1344(90)85086-C. [DOI:10.1016/1011-1344(90)85086-C]
22. A. Dimofte et al., "In vivo light dosimetry for HPPH-mediated pleural PDT," Opt. Methods Tumor Treat. Detect. Mech. Tech. Photodyn. Ther. XIX, vol. 7551, p. 755115, 2010, doi: 10.1117/12.851514. [DOI:10.1117/12.851514]
23. J. S. McCaughan, W. Hicks, L. Laufman, E. May, and R. Roach, "Palliation of esophageal malignancy with photoradiation therapy," Cancer, vol. 54, no. 12, pp. 2905-2910, 1984, doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19841215)54:12<2905::AID-CNCR2820541215>3.0.CO;2-N. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19841215)54:12<2905::AID-CNCR2820541215>3.0.CO;2-N [DOI:10.1002/1097-0142(19841215)54:123.0.CO;2-N]
24. R. Hornung, "Photomedical approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic cancers.," Curr. Drug Targets. Immune. Endocr. Metabol. Disord., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 165-177, 2001, doi: 10.2174/1568005310101020165. [DOI:10.2174/1568005310101020165]
25. C. J. Gomer et al., "Hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation induced damage to normal and tumor tissue of the pigmented rabbit Eye," Curr. Eye Res., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 229-237, 1984, doi: 10.3109/02713688408997204. [DOI:10.3109/02713688408997204]
26. S. G. Bown, "Photodynamic therapy for cancer of the pancreas," Acta Endoscopica, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 531-538, 2003, doi: 10.1007/bf03002418. [DOI:10.1007/BF03002418]
27. S. Seregard, "C ase Series Photodynamic therapy for circumscribed choroidal haemangioma Ire," pp. 531-536, 2002. [DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0420.2002.800513.x]
28. T. J. Dougherty, G. Lawrence, J. Kenneth, R. Weishaupt, and A. Goldfarb, "Photoradiation in the treatment of recurrent breast carcinoma," J. Natl. Cancer Inst., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 231-237, 1979, doi: 10.1093/jnci/62.2.231. [DOI:10.1093/jnci/62.2.231]
29. M. K. Fehr et al., "Photodynamic therapy of vulvar and vaginal condyloma and intraepithelial neoplasia using topically applied 5-aminolevulinic acid," Lasers Surg. Med., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 273-279, 2002, doi: 10.1002/lsm.10048. [DOI:10.1002/lsm.10048]
30. R. Baskaran, J. Lee, and S. G. Yang, "Clinical development of photodynamic agents and therapeutic applications," Biomater. Res., vol. 22, pp. 1-8, 2018, doi: 10.1186/s40824-018-0140-z. [DOI:10.1186/s40824-018-0140-z]
31. O. Dobrozhan et al., "Morphological, structural and optical properties of Mg-doped ZnO nanocrystals synthesized using polyol process," Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process., vol. 102, no. June, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.mssp.2019.104595. [DOI:10.1016/j.mssp.2019.104595]
32. D. Bechet, P. Couleaud, C. Frochot, M. L. Viriot, F. Guillemin, and M. Barberi-Heyob, "Nanoparticles as vehicles for delivery of photodynamic therapy agents," Trends Biotechnol., vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 612-621, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.07.007. [DOI:10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.07.007]
33. D. Zhao et al., "A Dynamic Gel with Reversible and Tunable Topological Networks and Performances," Matter, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 390-403, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2019.10.020. [DOI:10.1016/j.matt.2019.10.020]
34. A. M. Derfus, W. C. W. Chan, and S. N. Bhatia, "Probing the Cytotoxicity of Semiconductor Quantum Dots," Nano Lett., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 11-18, 2004, doi: 10.1021/nl0347334. [DOI:10.1021/nl0347334]
35. K. Senthilkumar et al., "Preparation of ZnO nanoparticles for bio-imaging applications," Phys. Status Solidi Basic Res., vol. 246, no. 4, pp. 885-888, 2009, doi: 10.1002/pssb.200880606. [DOI:10.1002/pssb.200880606]
36. Y. L. Wu et al., "A dual-colored bio-marker made of doped ZnO nanocrystals," Nanotechnology, vol. 19, no. 34, 2008, doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/34/345605. [DOI:10.1088/0957-4484/19/34/345605]
37. P. Alivisatos, "The use of nanocrystals in biological detection," Nat. Biotechnol., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 47-52, 2004, doi: 10.1038/nbt927. [DOI:10.1038/nbt927]
38. R. R. Allison, H. C. Mota, V. S. Bagnato, and C. H. Sibata, "Bio-nanotechnology and photodynamic therapy-State of the art review," Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 19-28, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2008.02.001. [DOI:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2008.02.001]
39. R. Misra, S. Acharya, and S. K. Sahoo, "Cancer nanotechnology: Application of nanotechnology in cancer therapy," Drug Discov. Today, vol. 15, no. 19-20, pp. 842-850, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2010.08.006. [DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.08.006]
40. S. Acharya, F. Dilnawaz, and S. K. Sahoo, "Targeted epidermal growth factor receptor nanoparticle bioconjugates for breast cancer therapy," Biomaterials, vol. 30, no. 29, pp. 5737-5750, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.008. [DOI:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.008]
41. P. Grodzinski, M. Silver, and L. K. Molnar, "Nanotechnology for cancer diagnostics: Promises and challenges," Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 307-318, 2006, doi: 10.1586/14737159.6.3.307. [DOI:10.1586/14737159.6.3.307]
42. K. Berg et al., "Porphyrin-related photosensitizers for cancer imaging and therapeutic applications," J. Microsc., vol. 218, no. 2, pp. 133-147, 2005, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2005.01471.x. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2818.2005.01471.x]
43. P. J. Lou, P. S. Lai, M. J. Shieh, A. J. MacRobert, K. Berg, and S. G. Bown, "Reversal of doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells by photochemical internalization," Int. J. Cancer, vol. 119, no. 11, pp. 2692-2698, 2006, doi: 10.1002/ijc.22098. [DOI:10.1002/ijc.22098]
44. N. Rousset et al., "Cellular distribution and phototoxicity of Benzoporphyrin derivative and Photofrin," Res. Exp. Med., vol. 199, no. 6, pp. 341-357, 1999, doi: 10.1007/s004339900044. [DOI:10.1007/s004339900044]
45. S. Marchal, A. Fadloun, E. Maugain, M. A. D'Hallewin, F. Guillemin, and L. Bezdetnaya, "Necrotic and apoptotic features of cell death in response to Foscan® photosensitization of HT29 monolayer and multicell spheroids," Biochem. Pharmacol., vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 1167-1176, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.01.021. [DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2005.01.021]
46. W. M. Sweileh, "Bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed literature on climate change and human health with an emphasis on infectious diseases," Global. Health, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2020, doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00576-1. [DOI:10.1186/s12992-020-00576-1]
47. W. Yang, J. Zhang, and R. Ma, "The prediction of infectious diseases: A bibliometric analysis," Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, no. 17, pp. 1-19, 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176218. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph17176218]
48. M. Koo, "Systemic lupus erythematosus research: A bibliometric analysis over a 50-year period," Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 18, no. 13, 2021, doi: 10.3390/ijerph18137095. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph18137095]
49. N. Elshaboury, A. Al-Sakkaf, E. M. Abdelkader, and G. Alfalah, "Construction and Demolition Waste Management Research: A Science Mapping Analysis," Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 19, no. 8, 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084496. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph19084496]
50. X. Zhang, R. C. Estoque, H. Xie, Y. Murayama, and M. Ranagalage, "Bibliometric analysis of highly cited articles on ecosystem services," PLoS One, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1-16, 2019, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210707. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0210707]
51. D. W. Aksnes, L. Langfeldt, and P. Wouters, "Citations, Citation Indicators, and Research Quality: An Overview of Basic Concepts and Theories," SAGE Open, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, doi: 10.1177/2158244019829575. [DOI:10.1177/2158244019829575]
52. F. Arici, P. Yildirim, Ş. Caliklar, and R. M. Yilmaz, "Research trends in the use of augmented reality in science education: Content and bibliometric mapping analysis," Comput. Educ., vol. 142, p. 103647, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103647. [DOI:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103647]
53. J. A. Moral-muñoz et al., "77520-Texto del artículo-249046-3-10-20200304.pdf," El Prof. la informa- ción, vol. 29, pp. 1-20, 2020.
54. A. Ahmi, "Bibliometric Analysis using R for Non-Coders: A practical handbook in conducting bibliometric analysis studies using Biblioshiny for Bibliometrix R package.," 2022.
55. H. Tan et al., "Global evolution of research on green energy and environmental technologies:A bibliometric study," J. Environ. Manage., vol. 297, no. April, p. 113382, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113382. [DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113382]
56. S. Wang et al., "A bibliometric analysis and network visualisation of human mobility studies from 1990 to 2020: Emerging trends and future research directions," Sustain., vol. 13, no. 10, 2021, doi: 10.3390/su13105372. [DOI:10.3390/su13105372]
57. J. Shi, K. Duan, G. Wu, R. Zhang, and X. Feng, Comprehensive metrological and content analysis of the public-private partnerships (PPPs) research field: a new bibliometric journey, vol. 124, no. 3. Springer International Publishing, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s11192-020-03607-1. [DOI:10.1007/s11192-020-03607-1]
58. N. Donthu, S. Kumar, D. Mukherjee, N. Pandey, and W. M. Lim, "How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines," J. Bus. Res., vol. 133, no. April, pp. 285-296, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070]
59. D. V. Popescu, A. Dima, E. Radu, E. M. Dobrotă, and V. M. Dumitrache, "Bibliometric Analysis of the Green Deal Policies in the Food Chain," Amfiteatru Econ., vol. 24, no. 60, pp. 410-428, 2022, doi: 10.24818/EA/2022/60/410. [DOI:10.24818/EA/2022/60/410]
60. S. A. S. Alryalat, L. W. Malkawi, and S. M. Momani, "Comparing bibliometric analysis using pubmed, scopus, and web of science databases," J. Vis. Exp., vol. 2019, no. 152, 2019, doi: 10.3791/58494. [DOI:10.3791/58494]
61. J. Baas, M. Schotten, A. Plume, G. Côté, and R. Karimi, "Scopus as a curated, high-quality bibliometric data source for academic research in quantitative science studies," Quant. Sci. Stud., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 377-386, 2020, doi: 10.1162/qss_a_00019. [DOI:10.1162/qss_a_00019]
62. M. Aria and C. Cuccurullo, "bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis," J. Informetr., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 959-975, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007. [DOI:10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007]
63. C. A. Robertson, D. H. Evans, and H. Abrahamse, "Photodynamic therapy (PDT): A short review on cellular mechanisms and cancer research applications for PDT," J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol., vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.04.001. [DOI:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.04.001]
64. D. van Straten, V. Mashayekhi, H. S. de Bruijn, S. Oliveira, and D. J. Robinson, "Oncologic photodynamic therapy: Basic principles, current clinical status and future directions," Cancers (Basel)., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1-54, 2017, doi: 10.3390/cancers9020019. [DOI:10.3390/cancers9020019]
65. A. B. Ormond and H. S. Freeman, "Dye sensitizers for photodynamic therapy," Materials (Basel)., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 817-840, 2013, doi: 10.3390/ma6030817. [DOI:10.3390/ma6030817]
66. T. Dai, Y. Y. Huang, and M. R. Hamblin, "Photodynamic therapy for localized infections-State of the art," Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther., vol. 6, no. 3-4, pp. 170-188, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2009.10.008. [DOI:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2009.10.008]
67. Á. Juarranz, P. Jaén, F. Sanz-Rodríguez, J. Cuevas, and S. González, "Photodynamic therapy of cancer. Basic principles and applications," Clin. Transl. Oncol., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 148-154, 2008, doi: 10.1007/s12094-008-0172-2. [DOI:10.1007/s12094-008-0172-2]
68. N. R. Telfer, G. B. Colver, and C. A. Morton, "Guidelines for the management of basal cell carcinoma," Br. J. Dermatol., vol. 159, no. 1, pp. 35-48, 2008, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08666.x. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08666.x]
69. B. Domingues, J. M. Lopes, P. Soares, and H. Pópulo, "Melanoma treatment in review," ImmunoTargets Ther., vol. 7, pp. 35-49, 2018, doi: 10.2147/ITT.S134842. [DOI:10.2147/ITT.S134842]
70. C. A. Morton, K. E. McKenna, and L. E. Rhodes, "Guidelines for topical photodynamic therapy: Update," Br. J. Dermatol., vol. 159, no. 6, pp. 1245-1266, 2008, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08882.x. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08882.x]
71. L. Brancaleon and H. Moseley, "Laser and non-laser light sources for photodynamic therapy," Lasers Med. Sci., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 173-186, 2002, doi: 10.1007/s101030200027. [DOI:10.1007/s101030200027]
72. J. Zhang, C. Jiang, J. P. Figueiró Longo, R. B. Azevedo, H. Zhang, and L. A. Muehlmann, "An updated overview on the development of new photosensitizers for anticancer photodynamic therapy," Acta Pharm. Sin. B, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 137-146, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.09.003. [DOI:10.1016/j.apsb.2017.09.003]
73. S. K. T. Que, F. O. Zwald, and C. D. Schmults, "Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, and staging," J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 237-247, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.08.059. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.08.059]
74. C. A. Morton et al., "Guidelines for topical photodynamic therapy: Report of a workshop of the British Photodermatology Group," Br. J. Dermatol., vol. 146, no. 4, pp. 552-567, 2002, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04719.x. [DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04719.x]
75. F. S. Mackay et al., "A potent cytotoxic photoactivated platinum complex," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., vol. 104, no. 52, pp. 20743-20748, 2007, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707742105. [DOI:10.1073/pnas.0707742105]
76. M. T. Huggett et al., "Phase I/II study of verteporfin photodynamic therapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer," Br. J. Cancer, vol. 110, no. 7, pp. 1698-1704, 2014, doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.95. [DOI:10.1038/bjc.2014.95]
77. K. Peris et al., "Diagnosis and treatment of basal cell carcinoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guidelines," Eur. J. Cancer, vol. 118, pp. 10-34, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.06.003. [DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2019.06.003]
78. Z. Zhen et al., "Ferritin nanocages to encapsulate and deliver photosensitizers for efficient photodynamic therapy against cancer," ACS Nano, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 6988-6996, 2013, doi: 10.1021/nn402199g. [DOI:10.1021/nn402199g]
79. N. Nishiyama, Y. Morimoto, W. D. Jang, and K. Kataoka, "Design and development of dendrimer photosensitizer-incorporated polymeric micelles for enhanced photodynamic therapy," Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 327-338, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.01.004. [DOI:10.1016/j.addr.2009.01.004]
80. H. Kato et al., "Phase II clinical study of photodynamic therapy using mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 and diode laser for early superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the lung," Lung Cancer, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 103-111, 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0169-5002(03)00242-3. [DOI:10.1016/S0169-5002(03)00242-3]
81. I. Wang et al., "Photodynamic therapy versus cryosurgery of basal cell carcinomas; results of a phase III randomized clinical trial," Opt. InfoBase Conf. Pap., pp. 27-29, 1999, doi: 10.1364/bio.1999.ctua3. [DOI:10.1364/BIO.1999.CTuA3]
82. B. Zeina, J. Greenman, W. M. Purcell, and B. Das, "Killing of cutaneous microbial species by photodynamic therapy," Br. J. Dermatol., vol. 144, no. 2, pp. 274-278, 2001, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04013.x. [DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04013.x]
83. M. Alam et al., "Guidelines of care for the management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma," J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 560-578, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.007. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.007]
84. M. Hædersdal, F. H. Sakamoto, W. A. Farinelli, A. G. Doukas, J. Tam, and R. R. Anderson, "Fractional CO2 laser-assisted drug delivery," Lasers Surg. Med., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 113-122, 2010, doi: 10.1002/lsm.20860. [DOI:10.1002/lsm.20860]
85. C. Bichakjian et al., "Guidelines of care for the management of basal cell carcinoma," J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 540-559, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.006. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.006]
86. A. Sun et al., "Human cytomegalovirus as a potential etiologic agent in recurrent aphthous ulcers and Behçet's disease," J. Oral Pathol. Med., vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 212-218, 1996, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1996.tb01374.x. [DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1996.tb01374.x]
87. A. Chwiłkowska et al., "Uptake of photofrin II, a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy, by tumour cells in vitro," Acta Biochim. Pol., vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 509-513, 2003, doi: 10.18388/abp.2003_3703. [DOI:10.18388/abp.2003_3703]
88. M. A. Liebert, "of Brain Tumors Photodynami," vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 251-261, 1996. [DOI:10.1089/clm.1996.14.251]
89. W. Stummer et al., "Intraoperative detection of malignant gliomas by 5-aminolevulinic acid- induced porphyrin fluorescence," Neurosurgery, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 518-526, 1998, doi: 10.1097/00006123-199803000-00017. [DOI:10.1097/00006123-199803000-00017]
90. P. J. Muller and B. C. Wilson, "Photodynamic therapy for recurrent supratentorial gliomas," Semin. Surg. Oncol., vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 346-354, 1995, doi: 10.1002/ssu.2980110504. [DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980110504]
91. K. Chiba, K. Kawakami, and K. Tohyama, "Simultaneous evaluation of cell viability by neutral red, MTT and crystal violet staining assays of the same cells," Toxicol. Vitr., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 251-258, 1998, doi: 10.1016/S0887-2333(97)00107-0. [DOI:10.1016/S0887-2333(97)00107-0]
92. H. I. Pass, "Photodynamic therapy in oncology: Mechanisms and clinical use," J. Natl. Cancer Inst., vol. 85, no. 6, pp. 443-456, 1993, doi: 10.1093/jnci/85.6.443. [DOI:10.1093/jnci/85.6.443]
93. X. Li, S. Lee, and J. Yoon, "Supramolecular photosensitizers rejuvenate photodynamic therapy," Chem. Soc. Rev., vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1174-1188, 2018, doi: 10.1039/c7cs00594f. [DOI:10.1039/C7CS00594F]
94. V. Madan, J. T. Lear, and R. M. Szeimies, "Non-melanoma skin cancer," Lancet, vol. 375, no. 9715, pp. 673-685, 2010, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61196-X. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61196-X]
95. M. E. Alberto and A. Francés-Monerris, "A multiscale free energy method reveals an unprecedented photoactivation of a bimetallic Os(ii)-Pt(ii) dual anticancer agent," Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol. 24, no. 32, pp. 19584-19594, 2022, doi: 10.1039/d2cp02128e. [DOI:10.1039/D2CP02128E]
96. N. H. Khan et al., "Skin cancer biology and barriers to treatment: Recent applications of polymeric micro/nanostructures," J. Adv. Res., vol. 36, no. xxxx, pp. 223-247, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.014. [DOI:10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.014]
97. S. Fang et al., "Photodynamic therapy combined with carbon dioxide laser for successful treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma within a long-standing and huge seborrheic keratosis," Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther., 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102536. [DOI:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102536]
98. F. Ponte, D. M. Scopelliti, N. Sanna, E. Sicilia, and G. Mazzone, "How Computations Can Assist the Rational Design of Drugs for Photodynamic Therapy: Photosensitizing Activity Assessment of a Ru(II)-BODIPY Assembly," Molecules, vol. 27, no. 17, 2022, doi: 10.3390/molecules27175635. [DOI:10.3390/molecules27175635]
99. N. Jetter, N. Chandan, S. Wang, and M. Tsoukas, "Field Cancerization Therapies for Management of Actinic Keratosis: A Narrative Review," Am. J. Clin. Dermatol., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 543-557, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0348-7. [DOI:10.1007/s40257-018-0348-7]
100. M. H. E. Jansen et al., "Randomized Trial of Four Treatment Approaches for Actinic Keratosis," N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 380, no. 10, pp. 935-946, 2019, doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1811850. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1811850]
101. E. V. Maytin et al., "5-fluorouracil enhances protoporphyrin IX accumulation and lesion clearance during photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses: A mechanism-based clinical trial," Clin. Cancer Res., vol. 24, no. 13, pp. 3026-3035, 2018, doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2020. [DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2020]
102. S. Karrer et al., "Methyl aminolevulinate daylight photodynamic therapy applied at home for non-hyperkeratotic actinic keratosis of the face or scalp: an open, interventional study conducted in Germany," J. Eur. Acad. Dermatology Venereol., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 661-666, 2019, doi: 10.1111/jdv.15422. [DOI:10.1111/jdv.15422]
103. M. Arisi et al., "Effects of MAL-PDT, ingenol mebutate and diclofenac plus hyaluronate gel monitored by high-frequency ultrasound and digital dermoscopy in actinic keratosis - a randomized trial," J. Eur. Acad. Dermatology Venereol., vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1225-1232, 2020, doi: 10.1111/jdv.16123. [DOI:10.1111/jdv.16123]
104. J. E. Räsänen et al., "5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Nanoemulsion Is More Effective Than Methyl-5-Aminolaevulinate in Daylight Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratosis: a Nonsponsored Randomized Double-Blind Multicentre Trial," Br. J. Dermatol., vol. 181, no. 2, pp. 265-274, 2019, doi: 10.1111/bjd.17311. [DOI:10.1111/bjd.17311]
105. M. Fakhar-e-Alam, S. Kishwar, M. Siddique, M. Atif, O. Nur, and M. Willander, "The Photodynamic Effect of ZnO Nanorods and Their Ligands with Different Photosensitizers," Rev. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 40-51, 2012, doi: 10.1166/rnn.2012.1004. [DOI:10.1166/rnn.2012.1004]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2026 All Rights Reserved | Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb