Thu, Nov 21, 2024
[Archive]
Volume 15, Issue 3 ( Special Issue (AI in Medicine) - August 2023 2023)
Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2023, 15(3): 60-67 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Sanaei M, Ravari M S, Abolghasemi H. ChatGPT in medicine: Opportunity and challenges. Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2023; 15 (3) :60-67
URL: http://ijbc.ir/article-1-1376-en.html
URL: http://ijbc.ir/article-1-1376-en.html
1- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
3- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Mofid Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,h.abolghasemi.ha@gmail.com
2- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
3- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Mofid Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,
Abstract: (732 Views)
Chat generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) is a large language model (LLM) artificial intelligence (AI). Indeed, ChatGPT is a chatbot able to participate in a conversation by pretending to be a human. ChatGPT is able to write convincing academic texts which are hard to be distinguished from a human-written manuscript. In the medical context, ChatGPT demonstrated its ability to write abstracts and texts related to the given questions. It could answer medical questions whether they are asked by students or researchers. ChatGPT is able to enhance the knowledge of students by designing tests and answering personalized questions, consequently reducing the burden on teachers. This AI system can participate in healthcare programs by providing information for patients and acting as the connector between patients and healthcare providers. Also, it could serve as a translator and a text generator for patients who speak a different language or those who have speech difficulties. ChatGPT is also able to provide and categorize medical information necessary for healthcare providers and physicians. Nonetheless, the major concern is the level of reliability of generated data. In some cases, ChatGPT produced misleading information and fake citations which warned medical researchers. Worryingly, these false data could distract the process of treatments and or the projects of medical researchers. Regarding the inevitable necessity of AI utilization in the medical field, strict criteria should be enforced in order to improve the efficacy and reduce the safety of the application of any AI chatbot like ChatGPT.
Keywords: ChatGPT, Large language model (LLM), Artificial intelligence (AI), Medical text, Healthcare
: Review Article |
Subject:
Methodology
Received: 2023/05/26 | Accepted: 2023/07/17 | Published: 2023/08/23
Received: 2023/05/26 | Accepted: 2023/07/17 | Published: 2023/08/23
References
1. Vellido A. Societal Issues Concerning the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. Kidney Dis (Basel). 2019;5(1):11-7. [DOI:10.1159/000492428]
2. Cole M, Cant C, Ustek Spilda F, Graham M. Politics by Automatic Means? A Critique of Artificial Intelligence Ethics at Work. Front Artif Intell. 2022;5:869114. [DOI:10.3389/frai.2022.869114]
3. Korteling JEH, van de Boer-Visschedijk GC, Blankendaal RAM, Boonekamp RC, Eikelboom AR. Human- versus Artificial Intelligence. Front Artif Intell. 2021;4:622364. [DOI:10.3389/frai.2021.622364]
4. Floridi L, Chiriatti M. GPT-3: Its nature, scope, limits, and consequences. Minds and Machines. 2020;30:681-94. [DOI:10.1007/s11023-020-09548-1]
5. Wei J, Tay Y, Bommasani R, Raffel C, Zoph B, Borgeaud S, Yogatama D, Bosma M, Zhou D, Metzler D. Emergent abilities of large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:220607682. 2022.
6. OpenAI. Introducing ChatGPT 2022 [Available from: https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt.
7. OpenAI. GPT-4 is OpenAI's most advanced system, producing safer and more useful responses 2023 [Available from: https://openai.com/product/gpt-4.
8. Hutson M. Could AI help you to write your next paper? Nature. 2022;611(7934):192-3. [DOI:10.1038/d41586-022-03479-w]
9. Vaishya R, Misra A, Vaish A. ChatGPT: Is this version good for healthcare and research? Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2023:102744. [DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102744]
10. Nature. AI bot ChatGPT writes smart essays - should professors worry? 2022 [Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-04397-7.
11. Nature. ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove 2023 [Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00107-z.
12. Furie RA, van Vollenhoven RF, Kalunian K, Navarra S, Romero-Diaz J, Werth VP, Huang X, Clark G, Carroll H, Meyers A, Musselli C, Barbey C, Franchimont N. Trial of Anti-BDCA2 Antibody Litifilimab for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(10):894-904. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2118025]
13. Hugosson J, Månsson M, Wallström J, Axcrona U, Carlsson SV, Egevad L, Geterud K, Khatami A, Kohestani K, Pihl CG, Socratous A, Stranne J, Godtman RA, Hellström M. Prostate Cancer Screening with PSA and MRI Followed by Targeted Biopsy Only. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(23):2126-37. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2209454]
14. Devos D, Labreuche J, Rascol O, Corvol JC, Duhamel A, Guyon Delannoy P, Poewe W, Compta Y, Pavese N, Růžička E, Dušek P, Post B, Bloem BR, Berg D, Maetzler W, Otto M, Habert MO, Lehericy S, Ferreira J, Dodel R, Tranchant C, Eusebio A, Thobois S, Marques AR, Meissner WG, Ory-Magne F, Walter U, de Bie RMA, Gago M, Vilas D, Kulisevsky J, Januario C, Coelho MVS, Behnke S, Worth P, Seppi K, Ouk T, Potey C, Leclercq C, Viard R, Kuchcinski G, Lopes R, Pruvo JP, Pigny P, Garçon G, Simonin O, Carpentier J, Rolland AS, Nyholm D, Scherfler C, Mangin JF, Chupin M, Bordet R, Dexter DT, Fradette C, Spino M, Tricta F, Ayton S, Bush AI, Devedjian JC, Duce JA, Cabantchik I, Defebvre L, Deplanque D, Moreau C. Trial of Deferiprone in Parkinson's Disease. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(22):2045-55. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2209254]
15. Cheskes S, Verbeek PR, Drennan IR, McLeod SL, Turner L, Pinto R, Feldman M, Davis M, Vaillancourt C, Morrison LJ, Dorian P, Scales DC. Defibrillation Strategies for Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(21):1947-56. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2207304]
16. Andersen-Ranberg NC, Poulsen LM, Perner A, Wetterslev J, Estrup S, Hästbacka J, Morgan M, Citerio G, Caballero J, Lange T, Kjær MN, Ebdrup BH, Engstrøm J, Olsen MH, Oxenbøll Collet M, Mortensen CB, Weber SO, Andreasen AS, Bestle MH, Uslu B, Scharling Pedersen H, Gramstrup Nielsen L, Toft Boesen HC, Jensen JV, Nebrich L, La Cour K, Laigaard J, Haurum C, Olesen MW, Overgaard-Steensen C, Westergaard B, Brand B, Kingo Vesterlund G, Thornberg Kyhnauv P, Mikkelsen VS, Hyttel-Sørensen S, de Haas I, Aagaard SR, Nielsen LO, Eriksen AS, Rasmussen BS, Brix H, Hildebrandt T, Schønemann-Lund M, Fjeldsøe-Nielsen H, Kuivalainen AM, Mathiesen O. Haloperidol for the Treatment of Delirium in ICU Patients. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(26):2425-35. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2211868]
17. Cascella M, Montomoli J, Bellini V, Bignami E. Evaluating the Feasibility of ChatGPT in Healthcare: An Analysis of Multiple Clinical and Research Scenarios. J Med Syst. 2023;47(1):33. [DOI:10.1007/s10916-023-01925-4]
18. Manohar N, Prasad SS. Use of ChatGPT in Academic Publishing: A Rare Case of Seronegative Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Patient With HIV Infection. Cureus. 2023;15(2):e34616. [DOI:10.7759/cureus.34616]
19. Nature. Tools such as ChatGPT threaten transparent science; here are our ground rules for their use 2023 [Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00191-1.
20. Elsevier. Publishing Ethics 2023 [Available from: https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/publishing-ethics.
21. Derungs A. What are the best article generator software tools in the marketplace? 2023 [Available from: https://www.nichepursuits.com/best-article-generator-software/.
22. Stokel-Walker C. AI bot ChatGPT writes smart essays-should academics worry? Nature. 2022. [DOI:10.1038/d41586-022-04397-7]
23. Moons P, Van Bulck L. ChatGPT: Can artificial intelligence language models be of value for cardiovascular nurses and allied health professionals. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2023. [DOI:10.1093/eurjcn/zvad022]
24. Huh S. Are ChatGPT's knowledge and interpretation ability comparable to those of medical students in Korea for taking a parasitology examination?: a descriptive study. J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:1.
https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.1 [DOI:10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.01]
25. Kung TH, Cheatham M, Medenilla A, Sillos C, De Leon L, Elepaño C, Madriaga M, Aggabao R, Diaz-Candido G, Maningo J, Tseng V. Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models. PLOS Digit Health. 2023;2(2):e0000198. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000198]
26. Gilson A, Safranek CW, Huang T, Socrates V, Chi L, Taylor RA, Chartash D. How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment. JMIR Med Educ. 2023;9:e45312. [DOI:10.2196/45312]
27. Anders BA. Why ChatGPT is such a big deal for education. C2C Digital Magazine. 2023;1(18):4.
28. Khan RA, Jawaid M, Khan AR, Sajjad M. ChatGPT - Reshaping medical education and clinical management. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):605-7. [DOI:10.12669/pjms.39.2.7653]
29. D'Amico RS, White TG, Shah HA, Langer DJ. I Asked a ChatGPT to Write an Editorial About How We Can Incorporate Chatbots Into Neurosurgical Research and Patient Care…. Neurosurgery. 2023;92(4):663-4. [DOI:10.1227/neu.0000000000002414]
30. Yeo YH, Samaan JS, Ng WH, Ting PS, Trivedi H, Vipani A, Ayoub W, Yang JD, Liran O, Spiegel B, Kuo A. Assessing the performance of ChatGPT in answering questions regarding cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2023. [DOI:10.1101/2023.02.06.23285449]
31. Mack JW, Block SD, Nilsson M, Wright A, Trice E, Friedlander R, Paulk E, Prigerson HG. Measuring therapeutic alliance between oncologists and patients with advanced cancer: the Human Connection Scale. Cancer. 2009;115(14):3302-11. [DOI:10.1002/cncr.24360]
32. Horvath AO, Luborsky L. The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):561-73. [DOI:10.1037/0022-006X.61.4.561]
33. Will ChatGPT transform healthcare? Nature Medicine. 2023;29(3):505-6. [DOI:10.1038/s41591-023-02289-5]
34. Perrigo B. AI Chatbots are getting better. But an interview with ChatGPT reveals their limits: TIME; 2022 [Available from: https://time.com/6238781/chatbot-chatgpt-ai-interview/.
35. Else H. Abstracts written by ChatGPT fool scientists. Nature. 2023;613(7944):423. [DOI:10.1038/d41586-023-00056-7]
36. Blanco-Gonzalez A, Cabezon A, Seco-Gonzalez A, Conde-Torres D, Antelo-Riveiro P, Pineiro A, Garcia-Fandino R. The Role of AI in Drug Discovery: Challenges, Opportunities, and Strategies. arXiv preprint arXiv:221208104. 2022. [DOI:10.3390/ph16060891]
37. van Dis EAM, Bollen J, Zuidema W, van Rooij R, Bockting CL. ChatGPT: five priorities for research. Nature. 2023;614(7947):224-6. [DOI:10.1038/d41586-023-00288-7]
38. Marchandot B, Matsushita K, Carmona A, Trimaille A, Morel O. ChatGPT: the next frontier in academic writing for cardiologists or a pandora's box of ethical dilemmas. Eur Heart J Open. 2023;3(2):oead007. [DOI:10.1093/ehjopen/oead007]
39. The Lancet Digital H. ChatGPT: friend or foe? Lancet Digit Health. 2023;5(3):e102. [DOI:10.1016/S2589-7500(23)00023-7]
40. Cahan P, Treutlein B. A conversation with ChatGPT on the role of computational systems biology in stem cell research. Stem Cell Reports. 2023;18(1):1-2. [DOI:10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.12.009]
41. Stokel-Walker C, Van Noorden R. What ChatGPT and generative AI mean for science. Nature. 2023;614(7947):214-6. [DOI:10.1038/d41586-023-00340-6]
42. Sallam M. ChatGPT Utility in Healthcare Education, Research, and Practice: Systematic Review on the Promising Perspectives and Valid Concerns. Healthcare (Basel). 2023;11(6). [DOI:10.3390/healthcare11060887]
43. Kuehn BM. More than one-third of US individuals use the Internet to self-diagnose. Jama. 2013;309(8):756-7.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.629 [DOI:10.1001/jama.2017.20800]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
- Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer
- Journal Tel: +989369936116
- Publisher Tel: +982122275917
- Mail: Info@ijbc.ir
