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Volume 18, Issue 3 (September-2026 2026)
Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer 2026, 18(3): 47-58 |
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Bordbar M, Davarpanah E, Zekavat S O R, Shahriari M, Mottaghipisheh H, Motaghi S M. Long-Term Complications in Pediatric Leukemia Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study. , Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer. 2026; 18 (3) :47-58
URL: http://ijbc.ir/article-1-1888-en.html
URL: http://ijbc.ir/article-1-1888-en.html
Mohammadreza Bordbar *1 
, Ehsan Davarpanah2 , Seyed Omid Reza Zekavat3 , Mahdi Shahriari2 , Hadi Mottaghipisheh2 , Seyed Mohammad Motaghi4
, Ehsan Davarpanah2 , Seyed Omid Reza Zekavat3 , Mahdi Shahriari2 , Hadi Mottaghipisheh2 , Seyed Mohammad Motaghi4
1- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. , mbordbar53@gmail.com
2- Department of Pediatrics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
3- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
4- Department of Nursing, Doroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Doroud, Iran.
2- Department of Pediatrics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
3- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
4- Department of Nursing, Doroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Doroud, Iran.
Abstract: (15 Views)
Background: Survival rates for pediatric leukemia have improved dramatically with advances in medical care. However, long-term complications may develop after treatment and adversely affect survivors’ quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate long-term complications in children who had recovered from leukemia.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 115 children with leukemia who had completed treatment at least one year prior to enrollment were evaluated. Comprehensive assessments included laboratory tests, imaging studies, bone density measurements, and hormonal evaluations.
Results: Among the 115 survivors (62.6% boys), significant long-term complications were identified across multiple organ systems. Overall, 57% of participants had at least one abnormal finding among the evaluated systems. Endocrine dysfunction was the most common abnormality, detected in nearly half of the patients. Low bone mass was observed in 23.1% (15/65) of the assessed patients. More than half of the participants (53%) had vitamin D deficiency. Thyroid dysfunction occurred in 6.1% of patients (six with hypothyroidism and one with hyperthyroidism). One patient had diabetes mellitus, and 12 patients (10.4%) had abnormal lipid profiles. Pituitary dysfunction was observed in 8.7% (10/115) of patients. Psychiatric disorders and learning disabilities were identified in 19 patients (16.5%). Eight patients (8.4%) had transfusion-related iron overload. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that serum ferritin >200 ng/mL was associated with a higher risk of low bone mass (odds ratio: 14.2, 95% CI: 1.1–178.8, P = 0.039).
Conclusion: Long-term complications are common among pediatric leukemia survivors, particularly affecting bone health, endocrine function, and cognitive or learning abilities. Systematic surveillance and early intervention are essential to optimize long-term outcomes and quality of life.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 115 children with leukemia who had completed treatment at least one year prior to enrollment were evaluated. Comprehensive assessments included laboratory tests, imaging studies, bone density measurements, and hormonal evaluations.
Results: Among the 115 survivors (62.6% boys), significant long-term complications were identified across multiple organ systems. Overall, 57% of participants had at least one abnormal finding among the evaluated systems. Endocrine dysfunction was the most common abnormality, detected in nearly half of the patients. Low bone mass was observed in 23.1% (15/65) of the assessed patients. More than half of the participants (53%) had vitamin D deficiency. Thyroid dysfunction occurred in 6.1% of patients (six with hypothyroidism and one with hyperthyroidism). One patient had diabetes mellitus, and 12 patients (10.4%) had abnormal lipid profiles. Pituitary dysfunction was observed in 8.7% (10/115) of patients. Psychiatric disorders and learning disabilities were identified in 19 patients (16.5%). Eight patients (8.4%) had transfusion-related iron overload. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that serum ferritin >200 ng/mL was associated with a higher risk of low bone mass (odds ratio: 14.2, 95% CI: 1.1–178.8, P = 0.039).
Conclusion: Long-term complications are common among pediatric leukemia survivors, particularly affecting bone health, endocrine function, and cognitive or learning abilities. Systematic surveillance and early intervention are essential to optimize long-term outcomes and quality of life.
: Original Article |
Subject:
Pediatric Hematology & Oncology
Received: 2026/06/24 | Accepted: 2026/08/31 | Published: 2026/09/30
Received: 2026/06/24 | Accepted: 2026/08/31 | Published: 2026/09/30
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